Hi, On 4/12/21 8:59 PM, WU RUXU wrote: Right now iwd ignores any interfaces created after iwd has been initialized. This allows one to start iwd (in station mode) and then create a virtual interface for use by hostapd for example. Having a main.conf setting that would tell iwd to pre-create multiple interfaces and combinations thereof is something that is still on the TODO list. See my reply to the thread (from earlier today) 'Start iwd device in ap mode by default'. Ideally we could teach iwd to initialize phys in station + ap mode for example. Another possibility, if you're in a pinch, would be to pre-create the interfaces you need (using iw, or similar) and then start iwd with 'UseDefaultInterface=true' setting. This should then force iwd to manage all of them. However, this will not work for devices that can be hot-plugged. See https://iwd.wiki.kernel.org/interface_lifecycle for more details. Regards, -Denis