tree: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux.git mm-percpu-local_lock-v4r4 head: 85d43239ceaed47c1a4e646aba1ebc09ad46734e commit: c1617f38ab5c8401a4d5c6288c59aaf02e2a6788 [22/29] mm/vmstat: Convert NUMA statistics to basic NUMA counters config: i386-randconfig-r001-20210419 (attached as .config) compiler: gcc-9 (Debian 9.3.0-22) 9.3.0 reproduce (this is a W=1 build): # https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux.git/commit/?id=... git remote add mel https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux.git git fetch --no-tags mel mm-percpu-local_lock-v4r4 git checkout c1617f38ab5c8401a4d5c6288c59aaf02e2a6788 # save the attached .config to linux build tree make W=1 W=1 ARCH=i386 If you fix the issue, kindly add following tag as appropriate Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp(a)intel.com&gt; All errors (new ones prefixed by >>): mm/vmstat.c: In function 'refresh_cpu_vm_stats': mm/vmstat.c:781:34: warning: unused variable 'pcp' [-Wunused-variable] 781 | struct per_cpu_pages __percpu *pcp = zone->per_cpu_pageset; | ^~~ mm/vmstat.c: In function 'cpu_vm_stats_fold': mm/vmstat.c:913:1: warning: ISO C90 forbids mixed declarations and code [-Wdeclaration-after-statement] 913 | void drain_zonestat(struct zone *zone, struct per_cpu_zonestat *pzstats) | ^~~~ 1018 | static void fill_contig_page_info(struct zone *zone, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1052 | static int __fragmentation_index(unsigned int order, struct contig_page_info *info) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1338 | static void *frag_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos) | ^~~~~~~~~~ 1351 | static void *frag_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos) | ^~~~~~~~~ 1359 | static void frag_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) | ^~~~~~~~~ 1367 | static void walk_zones_in_node(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1389 | static void frag_show_print(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1403 | static int frag_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) | ^~~~~~~~~ 1410 | static void pagetypeinfo_showfree_print(struct seq_file *m, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1453 | static int pagetypeinfo_showfree(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1469 | static void pagetypeinfo_showblockcount_print(struct seq_file *m, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1502 | static int pagetypeinfo_showblockcount(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1523 | static void pagetypeinfo_showmixedcount(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1547 | static int pagetypeinfo_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1566 | .start = frag_start, | ^~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1566:11: note: (near initialization for 'fragmentation_op.start') mm/vmstat.c:1567:10: error: initializer element is not constant 1567 | .next = frag_next, | ^~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1567:10: note: (near initialization for 'fragmentation_op.next') mm/vmstat.c:1568:10: error: initializer element is not constant 1568 | .stop = frag_stop, | ^~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1568:10: note: (near initialization for 'fragmentation_op.stop') mm/vmstat.c:1569:10: error: initializer element is not constant 1569 | .show = frag_show, | ^~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1569:10: note: (near initialization for 'fragmentation_op.show') mm/vmstat.c:1573:11: error: initializer element is not constant 1573 | .start = frag_start, | ^~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1573:11: note: (near initialization for 'pagetypeinfo_op.start') mm/vmstat.c:1574:10: error: initializer element is not constant 1574 | .next = frag_next, | ^~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1574:10: note: (near initialization for 'pagetypeinfo_op.next') mm/vmstat.c:1575:10: error: initializer element is not constant 1575 | .stop = frag_stop, | ^~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1575:10: note: (near initialization for 'pagetypeinfo_op.stop') mm/vmstat.c:1576:10: error: initializer element is not constant 1576 | .show = pagetypeinfo_show, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1576:10: note: (near initialization for 'pagetypeinfo_op.show') 1579 | static bool is_zone_first_populated(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1593 | static void zoneinfo_show_print(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1685 | static int zoneinfo_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1693:11: error: initializer element is not constant 1693 | .start = frag_start, /* iterate over all zones. The same as in | ^~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1693:11: note: (near initialization for 'zoneinfo_op.start') mm/vmstat.c:1695:10: error: initializer element is not constant 1695 | .next = frag_next, | ^~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1695:10: note: (near initialization for 'zoneinfo_op.next') mm/vmstat.c:1696:10: error: initializer element is not constant 1696 | .stop = frag_stop, | ^~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1696:10: note: (near initialization for 'zoneinfo_op.stop') mm/vmstat.c:1697:10: error: initializer element is not constant 1697 | .show = zoneinfo_show, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1697:10: note: (near initialization for 'zoneinfo_op.show') 1707 | static void *vmstat_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos) | ^~~~~~~~~~~~ 1750 | static void *vmstat_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos) | ^~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1758:12: error: invalid storage class for function 'vmstat_show' 1758 | static int vmstat_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) | ^~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1777:13: error: invalid storage class for function 'vmstat_stop' 1777 | static void vmstat_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) | ^~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1784:11: error: initializer element is not constant 1784 | .start = vmstat_start, | ^~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1784:11: note: (near initialization for 'vmstat_op.start') mm/vmstat.c:1785:10: error: initializer element is not constant 1785 | .next = vmstat_next, | ^~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1785:10: note: (near initialization for 'vmstat_op.next') mm/vmstat.c:1786:10: error: initializer element is not constant 1786 | .stop = vmstat_stop, | ^~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1786:10: note: (near initialization for 'vmstat_op.stop') mm/vmstat.c:1787:10: error: initializer element is not constant 1787 | .show = vmstat_show, | ^~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1787:10: note: (near initialization for 'vmstat_op.show') In file included from include/asm-generic/percpu.h:7, from arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h:390, from arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:6, from include/linux/preempt.h:78, from include/linux/spinlock.h:51, from include/linux/wait.h:9, from include/linux/wait_bit.h:8, from include/linux/fs.h:6, from mm/vmstat.c:13: include/linux/percpu-defs.h:92:33: error: section attribute cannot be specified for local variables 92 | extern __PCPU_DUMMY_ATTRS char __pcpu_unique_##name; \ | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ include/linux/percpu-defs.h:115:2: note: in expansion of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION' 115 | DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION(type, name, "") | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1792:8: note: in expansion of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU' 1792 | static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ include/linux/percpu-defs.h:93:26: error: section attribute cannot be specified for local variables 93 | __PCPU_DUMMY_ATTRS char __pcpu_unique_##name; \ | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ include/linux/percpu-defs.h:115:2: note: in expansion of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION' 115 | DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION(type, name, "") | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1792:8: note: in expansion of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU' 1792 | static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ include/linux/percpu-defs.h:93:26: error: declaration of '__pcpu_unique_vmstat_work' with no linkage follows extern declaration 93 | __PCPU_DUMMY_ATTRS char __pcpu_unique_##name; \ | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ include/linux/percpu-defs.h:115:2: note: in expansion of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION' 115 | DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION(type, name, "") | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1792:8: note: in expansion of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU' 1792 | static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ include/linux/percpu-defs.h:92:33: note: previous declaration of '__pcpu_unique_vmstat_work' was here 92 | extern __PCPU_DUMMY_ATTRS char __pcpu_unique_##name; \ | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ include/linux/percpu-defs.h:115:2: note: in expansion of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION' 115 | DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION(type, name, "") | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1792:8: note: in expansion of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU' 1792 | static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1792:44: error: section attribute cannot be specified for local variables 1792 | static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work); | ^~~~~~~~~~~ include/linux/percpu-defs.h:94:44: note: in definition of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION' 94 | extern __PCPU_ATTRS(sec) __typeof__(type) name; \ | ^~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1792:8: note: in expansion of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU' 1792 | static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1792:44: error: section attribute cannot be specified for local variables 1792 | static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work); | ^~~~~~~~~~~ include/linux/percpu-defs.h:95:44: note: in definition of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION' 95 | __PCPU_ATTRS(sec) __weak __typeof__(type) name | ^~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1792:8: note: in expansion of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU' 1792 | static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1792:44: error: weak declaration of 'vmstat_work' must be public 1792 | static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work); | ^~~~~~~~~~~ include/linux/percpu-defs.h:95:44: note: in definition of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION' 95 | __PCPU_ATTRS(sec) __weak __typeof__(type) name | ^~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1792:8: note: in expansion of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU' 1792 | static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mm/vmstat.c:1792:44: error: declaration of 'vmstat_work' with no linkage follows extern declaration 1792 | static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, vmstat_work); | ^~~~~~~~~~~ include/linux/percpu-defs.h:95:44: note: in definition of macro 'DEFINE_PER_CPU_SECTION' vim +/fill_contig_page_info +1018 mm/vmstat.c d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1009 d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1010 /* d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1011 * Calculate the number of free pages in a zone, how many contiguous d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1012 * pages are free and how many are large enough to satisfy an allocation of d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1013 * the target size. Note that this function makes no attempt to estimate d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1014 * how many suitable free blocks there *might* be if MOVABLE pages were d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1015 * migrated. Calculating that is possible, but expensive and can be d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1016 * figured out from userspace d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1017 */ d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 @1018 static void fill_contig_page_info(struct zone *zone, d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1019 unsigned int suitable_order, d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1020 struct contig_page_info *info) d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1021 { d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1022 unsigned int order; d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1023 d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1024 info->free_pages = 0; d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1025 info->free_blocks_total = 0; d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1026 info->free_blocks_suitable = 0; d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1027 d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1028 for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) { d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1029 unsigned long blocks; d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1030 d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1031 /* Count number of free blocks */ d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1032 blocks = zone->free_area[order].nr_free; d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1033 info->free_blocks_total += blocks; d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1034 d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1035 /* Count free base pages */ d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1036 info->free_pages += blocks << order; d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1037 d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1038 /* Count the suitable free blocks */ d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1039 if (order >= suitable_order) d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1040 info->free_blocks_suitable += blocks << d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1041 (order - suitable_order); d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1042 } d7a5752c0c1975 Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1043 } f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1044 f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1045 /* f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1046 * A fragmentation index only makes sense if an allocation of a requested f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1047 * size would fail. If that is true, the fragmentation index indicates f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1048 * whether external fragmentation or a lack of memory was the problem. f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1049 * The value can be used to determine if page reclaim or compaction f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1050 * should be used f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1051 */ 56de7263fcf3eb Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 @1052 static int __fragmentation_index(unsigned int order, struct contig_page_info *info) f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1053 { f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1054 unsigned long requested = 1UL << order; f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1055 88d6ac40c1c6b2 Wen Yang 2017-09-06 1056 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(order >= MAX_ORDER)) 88d6ac40c1c6b2 Wen Yang 2017-09-06 1057 return 0; 88d6ac40c1c6b2 Wen Yang 2017-09-06 1058 f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1059 if (!info->free_blocks_total) f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1060 return 0; f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1061 f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1062 /* Fragmentation index only makes sense when a request would fail */ f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1063 if (info->free_blocks_suitable) f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1064 return -1000; f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1065 f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1066 /* f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1067 * Index is between 0 and 1 so return within 3 decimal places f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1068 * f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1069 * 0 => allocation would fail due to lack of memory f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1070 * 1 => allocation would fail due to fragmentation f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1071 */ f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1072 return 1000 - div_u64( (1000+(div_u64(info->free_pages * 1000ULL, requested))), info->free_blocks_total); f1a5ab1210579e Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1073 } 56de7263fcf3eb Mel Gorman 2010-05-24 1074 :::::: The code at line 1018 was first introduced by commit :::::: d7a5752c0c19750312efab3a2a80d350e11fa4a2 mm: export unusable free space index via debugfs :::::: TO: Mel Gorman <mel(a)csn.ul.ie&gt; :::::: CC: Linus Torvalds <torvalds(a)linux-foundation.org&gt; --- 0-DAY CI Kernel Test Service, Intel Corporation https://lists.01.org/hyperkitty/list/kbuild-all@lists.01.org